TMJ is short for the TemporoMandibular Joint (jaw joint). TMD stands for TemporoMandibular Dysfunction. TMJ and TMD have been used synonomously to refer to a number of craniofacial problems and pains associated with the temporomandibular joint. The temporomandibular joints are located on either side of the face and connect the lower jaw to the skull. They are the most unique and complex joints in the entire body. Indeed, they are part of a large group of muscles, ligaments and bones that work together as a system.

The TM joints work in synergy with the facial bones and multiple pairs of muscles to allow opening and closing of the mouth, chewing, swallowing and speech, as well as to enable the forward, backward, rotational, and side-to-side movements of the lower jaw.

Any disturbance to the perfect facial balance can trigger the cycle characteristic of TMJ disorders, which affects muscles and joints on all areas of the face, neck, and back. When muscles and joints are not working together correctly, muscle spasm can result which produces pain and dysfunction. Due to this complex system, a problem in one area can cause symptoms elsewhere.

In a normal joint, the disc, a thin piece of cartilage, acts as a cushion or shock absorber between the condyle and the glenoid fossa. It is held in place and guided by muscles and ligaments. When the lower jaw opens and closes, the disc stays between the condyle and the glenoid fossa at all times.

The following are contributing factors to TMJ disorder: trauma to the head and face, whiplash, uneven bite (malocclusion), bruxism (grinding your teeth), clenching etc. When trauma to the TM joints is prolonged, the body begins to compensate by involving muscles in other areas: the face, neck, throat, upper and lower back, arms, etc.

TMD is often a chronic and degenerative disease. Anyone experiencing headaches, earaches, dizziness and clicking or popping in the jaw joints should schedule an appointment for a thorough examination with a qualified dental professional, before their symptoms become more severe.